World Ovarian Cancer Day, raising awareness about a significant health issue affecting women worldwide, particularly in India. According to GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates, ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer among Indian women, with 47,333 new cases reported in 2022. Often diagnosed at advanced stages, ovarian cancer presents subtle symptoms, and the lack of widespread screening contributes to low survival rates. However, early detection and lifestyle changes can play a key role in reducing the incidence and improving outcomes.
Understanding the Risk Factors of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer often goes unnoticed in its early stages, leading to its late detection. Its symptoms—persistent bloating, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits—are commonly misinterpreted as issues unrelated to cancer. Furthermore, the absence of routine screening for the general population makes it even harder to catch the disease early. As a result, survival rates remain low, especially in India, where cancer awareness and early diagnostic resources are still developing.
Dr. Jayasree Kuna, a Consultant Radiation Oncologist at Apollo Cancer Centres in Visakhapatnam, emphasizes that lifestyle changes and early medical care can significantly reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Here are some key strategies for prevention.
Adopt a Balanced Diet to Reduce Cancer Risk
A well-balanced diet plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and reducing cancer risk. Dr. Kuna recommends focusing on a plant-forward eating pattern that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limiting red meats, processed foods, sugary beverages, and alcohol is also important. These changes help maintain a healthy weight and balanced hormone levels—both of which can influence cancer risk. A nutrient-rich diet strengthens the immune system and keeps the body in better shape to fight off diseases, including cancer.
Stay Active and Manage Your Weight
Physical activity is another vital component of cancer prevention. Dr. Kuna advises women to aim for at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Activities like brisk walking, cycling, or yoga can help regulate hormones, reduce inflammation, and maintain a healthy weight. Additionally, muscle-strengthening exercises, such as weight training, should be performed twice a week. These habits not only reduce the risk of ovarian cancer but also promote overall health by improving cardiovascular function and mental well-being.
Acknowledge Hereditary Factors and Genetic Risk
Hereditary factors contribute to approximately one in four ovarian cancer cases. Women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer should consider genetic counseling to better understand their risk. The most common genetic mutations linked to ovarian cancer are found in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Those with these gene mutations may benefit from targeted screening or preventative measures under medical supervision. Genetic counseling can help determine the best course of action for individuals at higher risk.
Recognize the Symptoms and Seek Early Medical Evaluation
While early-stage ovarian cancer is difficult to detect, knowing the symptoms and seeking prompt medical advice can lead to quicker diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. Key signs to watch for include persistent bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, early satiety, urinary urgency, and changes in bowel habits. Since routine screening is not recommended for women at average risk, anyone experiencing these symptoms should consult a gynecologist immediately. Early evaluation and timely intervention provide access to a wider range of treatment options, improving the chances of survival.
The Role of Regular Medical Checkups
Regular medical checkups are essential for detecting early warning signs of ovarian cancer. For women at high genetic risk, targeted surveillance, including genetic testing and imaging, may be recommended. Women should also discuss their health history and risk factors with their healthcare providers to develop personalized care plans. Early detection and intervention can save lives, making regular consultations with medical professionals a vital part of ovarian cancer prevention.
